{"id":6505,"date":"2016-04-17t14:19:18","date_gmt":"2016-04-17t21:19:18","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.catharsisit.com\/hs\/?p=6505"},"modified":"2018-07-21t07:27:46","modified_gmt":"2018-07-21t14:27:46","slug":"new-sat-grammar-study-guide-verb-tenses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.catharsisit.com\/hs\/sat\/new-sat-grammar-study-guide-verb-tenses\/","title":{"rendered":"new sat grammar study guide: verb tenses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">verbs are essential parts of sentences. they are what gives us all the action in everything we say or write. unfortunately, precisely because they are so essential, verbs can be complex, and there are several pitfalls we can fall into when we use them. one of these, using the wrong verb tense, appears pretty regularly among the commonly tested <a href=\"\/\/www.catharsisit.com\/hs\/sat\/sat-grammar-rules\/\">sat grammar rules<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>what are verb tenses?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tenses are forms of verbs that we use to tell us when something happened or was done. without them, telling each other stories would be very frustrating because it would never be clear what was happening when or how events were related.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>the 12 tenses<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u2019s a quick run-down of the twelve english tenses, using the verb \u201cto shake\u201d as our example.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-5\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-5 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">tense name<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">past<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">present<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-4\">future<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">simple<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">shook<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">shake(s)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">will shake<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">progressive<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">was shaking<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">is shaking<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">will be shaking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">perfect<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">had shaken<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">has\/have shaken<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">will have shaken<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">perfect progressive<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">had been shaking<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">has\/have been shaking<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-4\">will have been shaking<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-5 from cache --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>simple tense<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the simple tense is the plain, everyday way of using verbs. this is the default whenever you are talking about something that happened yesterday, is happening today, or will happen tomorrow.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>example 1:<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the mailman ran from the dog.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the mailman runs from the dog.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the mailman will run from the dog.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>progressive tense<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the progressive form of verbs is used when we want to show that something was\/is\/will be happening for some period of time or while something else is going on. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>example 2:<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the dancer was dancing to the music.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the dancer is dancing to the music.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the dancer will be dancing to the music.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in these examples, the \u201cdancing\u201d is progressing over time while the music plays. the main verb always ends with \u201c-ing\u201d, while the helping verb \u201cto be\u201d does all the work by changing its tense to show when the action is taking place.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>perfect tense<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the perfect tenses are the ones that give people all kinds of trouble. they are useful to describe actions that are taking place over periods of time relative to other events. what does this mean? let\u2019s take a look. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>example 3:<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">before taking his driving test, barney had practiced driving only twice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">after failing his driving test, barney has practiced driving every day. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by the time he takes his next driving test, barney will have practiced driving many times.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">you\u2019ll notice that in perfect tense, the main verb is always in its past participle. just as in progressive tense, the part that changes is the helping verb. in this example, which tells the story of a lesson learned, barney \u201chad practiced\u201d in the stretch of time before his driving test. the helping verb \u201chad\u201d indicates past tense, while the main verb is \u201cpracticed\u201d. for the present perfect, using \u201chas\u201d or \u201chave\u201d for singular or plural subjects, respectively, tells the reader that this action started at some point in the past and is still happening. future perfect relates an action to a moment in the future. in this case, barney hasn\u2019t yet practiced many times, but he will have by the time he takes his test again. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the perfect tense that students dislike the most is the past perfect. it can sometimes be confusing to know whether to use the simple past or the past perfect and they can occasionally sound interchangeable. luckily, <a href=\"\/\/www.catharsisit.com\/hs\/sat\/3-important-facts-about-new-sat-writing-skills\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the sat is predictable<\/a>. when it wants you to choose the past perfect tense, it will provide you with some starting or ending point for the action, such as the phrases at the beginning of the barney examples. if there is no such context (check the sentences around the question!) then you can usually use the simple past tense.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>perfect progressive tense<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">this final tense is a fusion of the perfect and progressive tenses. it includes the helping verb \u201cto have\u201d from the perfect tenses and both the \u201cto be\u201d verb and the \u201c-ing\u201d ending of the progressive tense. if you are comfortable with these tenses individually, the perfect progressive tense shouldn\u2019t be too difficult. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>example 4:<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by 10 o\u2019clock, i had been waiting for an hour.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">it\u2019s 10 o\u2019clock, and i have been waiting for an hour.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">at 10 o\u2019clock, i will have been waiting for an hour.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">using 10 o\u2019clock as a reference point, it\u2019s easy to see how this tense works. the first sentence is written by someone who is no longer waiting. in the second sentence, the speaker has already been waiting for an hour, and is still waiting, while in the third sentence, the speaker is in the middle of a potentially hour-long wait.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">when it comes to using the tenses correctly, context is incredibly important. when you are faced with a question on the sat that provides several options for verb tenses, hunt for clues in the sentences around the selection. when the action is clearly related to other events in the paragraph or passage, chances are good that you need something other than the simple tense. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">give yourself a pat on the back for making it through this review of verbs. now go see if you can use them in your own writing&mdash;and then check out more info about the <a href=\"\/\/www.catharsisit.com\/hs\/sat\/sat-study-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new sat<\/a> from magoosh!<\/span><br \/>\n<em><\/p>\n<p><strong>for the ultimate guide on acing sat grammar, make sure to check out our <a href=\"\/\/www.catharsisit.com\/hs\/sat\/sat-grammar-rules\/\">50+ sat grammar rules you need to know<\/a>. \t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>using the right verb tense helps keep your writing clear. here&#8217;s everything you need to know to tackle verb tense sat questions with confidence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":149,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[24916],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- this site is optimized with the yoast seo premium plugin v21.7 (yoast seo v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>new sat 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