pontiac’s rebellion was a native american uprising against the british following the french and indian war. pontiac’s rebellion apush questions will likely center on the impact of the uprising rather than the details of the conflict itself.
what is pontiac’s rebellion?
from 1754-1763, the british and french engaged in the french and indian war (also known as the seven years’ war) in which they competed for control of north american territory, primarily in the ohio valley. ultimately, the british won this war and with the treaty of paris in 1763, france ceded most of its north american territory to the british.
this change of power did not sit well with many native american tribes, who had enjoyed relatively peaceful relations with the french. whereas the french made efforts to coexist peacefully, respect tribal culture, and allow native americans to trade freely, the british were much more restrictive. resentment built quickly.
in may 1763, an ottawa chief named pontiac led around 300 native americans in a siege on fort detroit. this initial attack was unsuccessful, but pontiac subsequently brought together many more warriors from multiple tribes to launch a more large-scale assault on the british in the region. a coalition that included ottawa, ojibwas, potawatomis, huron, miami, weas, kickapoo, mascouten, piankashaw, delaware, shawnee, wyandot, seneca, and seneca-cayuga fought the british for the next three years. pontiac negotiated peace with the british in july 1766.
important years to note for pontiac’s rebellion:
- 1754-1763: french and indian war
- 1763-1766: pontiac’s rebellion
why is pontiac’s rebellion so important?
the native americans were ultimately unsuccessful in expelling the british from the region. pontiac’s rebellion did have important long-term effects, however. for one, it showed the ability of diverse tribes to come together and form an effective coalition to resist british forces. this put them in a stronger position for negotiations and made the british take them more seriously.
second, pontiac’s rebellion caused the british to seek more peaceful relations with native americans and to slow their own expansion into the ohio valley region. partially a response to pontiac’s rebellion, the british issued the proclamation of 1763, which drew a line along the eastern border of the ohio valley and forbade colonists from moving westward beyond the line. preventing permanent settlement of the region was designed to avoid future conflicts with native americans. it backfired, however, as it increased the resentment that the colonists had towards the british and became a contributing factor in the buildup to the revolutionary war.
what are some historical people and events related to pontiac’s rebellion?
- french and indian war: 1754-1763 conflict between the french and the british over territory in the ohio valley
- treaty of paris: peace settlement that ended the french and indian war
- chief pontiac: ottawa leader of pontiac’s rebellion
- proclamation of 1763: british law forbidding colonists from settling in the ohio valley
what example question about pontiac’s rebellion might come up on the apush exam?
map by kevin myers
the conflict shown in the map above most directly resulted in
a) the expulsion of the french from most of north america.
b) the removal of british troops from the ohio valley.
c) the forcing of native americans onto reservations.
d) the slowing of britain’s westward expansion in north america.
answer:
the correct answer is (d). pontiac’s rebellion, which came closely on the heels of the french and indian war, made the british seek more peaceful relations with native americans in the ohio valley. they issued the proclamation of 1763, which prohibited colonists from settling in the region, as a way to avoid further conflict.
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